A Beginner's Beginner's Guide to Networking
For years I heard that in order to get ahead in the world, I had to become practiced in networking. MIT career fair events boasted exclusive networking events, and career forums and conferences usually offer some sort of networking dinner or drink hour. Countless advice columns recommend networking as a way to further your career, and often provide list of DOs and DON'Ts, while never really explaining what networking is and how it can help you. Maybe it is intuitively obvious to some, but for years I had only vague ideas in my head. I thought networking was friends getting their other friends hired, or fraternity alumni hiring their brothers even if they aren't qualified. And every time I thought about it, I wondered why these networking hours were useful at all. You can't become very good friends with somebody in an hour long dinner, and it seemed weird and awkward to actually build a close friendship with somebody you met in a professional context like that. Sure, it is possible, but it can't be very common.
It took until my senior year to use my network, and another year past that for me to realize that I was using it. My mistake was believing that networking got you a job. More often than not, networking simply provides you a foot in the door, or faster route to getting hired. The normal job application process involves filling out some sort of online application that may or may not include a screening test, waiting until the company notices your application and decides you're qualified enough for a phone interviews, possibly more phone interviews, and finally one or more on-site interviews. This is a time consuming and often useless process--the online applicant pool is lower priority than people who are already talking to a recruiter, so even if you are more qualified than somebody who is phone interviewing, you might not even get to the interview stage before they are hired. There are even rumors of some very famous companies completely ignoring their online applicants. So then how do you skip straight to the recruiter? This is where networking comes in.
If you have the contact information of a recruiter or team lead, you can send them your resume directly, and they can immediately decide whether or not they are interested in interviewing you. This cuts out the possibly fruitless waiting for somebody to notice your online application. And if your resume is attractive enough, sometimes employers will past or reduce screening interviews, further shortening the process. This does not guarantee you a job, since you still have to be qualified and fit the company personality wise, but it does reduce the overall length of the process. Even if you don't get the job, you wasted less time getting declined than you would have otherwise.
That is all well and good, but how do you get this contact information in the first place? This is where those career fairs and social hours come in handy, as well as using your existing connections and friendships. When you talk to a recruiter, ask for their business card. This usually gives you their direct e-mail and phone. Then write a follow-up e-mail and attach a copy of your resume. Frequently, companies will try and get you to fill out an application online anyway, but I recommend leaving that until you pass the first screening interview, that way you are less likely to waste time. I spent my first few career fairs filling out useless applications, and wondering why people were giving me business cards before I figured out just how much time a direct contact saved me.
If a career fair or other networking events are not coming up, you can still get a leg up by talking to your friends and acquaintances. If you are interested in a particular company, ask a friend to recommend you or pass along a resume. Recruiters usually contact the candidates recommended by existing employees. If you know somebody who has a lot of company contacts, like a professor or venture capitalist, ask them to make introductions to companies who do work you are interested in.
One last thing that I have found networking to be useful for is for finding work outside the available positions. Companies usually are interested in hiring outside their listed positions, if the candidate is talented enough. My senior year I had started an online application for a company that I was very interested in, but it was for a position that I was only vaguely interested in. After filling out the application, I realized that one of my professors was the CEO, so I wrote him an e-mail asking him about possible positions. He passed my resume on to the recruiting department, and from then on I got the royal treatment. I had multiple teams interested in me, none of which had been on the application website, and all of which had more interesting work than the position I had initially been applying for.
To people naturally inclined to networking, all of the above might seem supremely obvious. But for every expert, I am sure there are at least a few more out there scratching their head over how to make use of networking and making the same mistakes I did.